ELECTORAL SURVEYS IN KAZAKHSTAN: METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND DATA VERIFICATION STRATEGIES

Abstract

The article examines the methodological challenges faced by electoral research in Kazakhstan. It analyzes issues such as the declining willingness of citizens to participate in surveys, the difficulties of reaching certain social groups, and the risks of systematic sampling biases that affect the accuracy of results. Particular attention is paid to the representativeness of data and to improving the predictive value of electoral surveys. The authors draw on both contemporary theoretical approaches and their own research experience, demonstrating the application of data verification tools, including the use of paradata, the analysis of nonresponse patterns, and statistical weighting techniques.