THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF SECURITY ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN GEOPOLITICAL INSTABILITY

Abstract

The article examines the main trends and patterns of the complex modern geopolitical situation, as well as analyzes the current political environment in the world. Special attention is paid to the trends of geopolitical competition for global leadership and new concepts related to the formation of a new world order. The study explores ideological, spiritual, and religious aspects influencing geopolitical instability. Based on the analysis of key global political issues and general theoretical approaches, practical aspects related to contemporary instability are identified. One of the main causes of geopolitical tension is considered to be the historical confrontation between maritime and land powers within the framework of geopolitical dualism. Particular attention is given to the geopolitical position of the Central Asian region and the level of national security of its states. A comparative analysis is conducted of the interests of major regional players, including the Western world, China, Russia, and Turkey in the context of their influence on the Central Asian region. Global political processes and their impact on the national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan are studied using methods of geopolitical science.