THE PROCESS OF INVENTING TRADITIONS IN INDEPENDENT KAZAKHSTAN AND THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL CULTURE

Abstract

This article examines the process of inventing and reviving traditions in Kazakhstan following its independence in 1991. The authors analyse the role of these traditions in shaping national identity and strengthening statehood, drawing on E. Hobsbawm’s theory of memory politics and the constructivist approach. The study explores examples such as the revival of the Aksakal institution, the World Kurultai of Kazakhs, the celebration of Nauryz, and religious practices, while also identifying their social, political, and cultural consequences. Particular attention is given to the negative aspects of certain traditions. The conclusion underscores the importance of critically reevaluating traditions within the framework of contemporary values, as this is crucial for the harmonious development of society and the strengthening of Kazakhstani identity.    Thus, the invention of traditions can be viewed as a complex socio-political process that influences the formation of state identity, the consolidation of power, and social integration. In the context of Kazakhstan, this process encompasses both the revival of traditional institutions and the creation of new national symbols, which serve to legitimise political agendas and reinforce state sovereignty.