INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE XXTH CENTURY: BIOGRAPHIES AND INTELLECTUAL LEGACY OF PROMINENT SCHOLARS

Abstract

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the intellectual history of Kazakhstan in the ХXth century, considered as a key factor in the formation of Kazakh statehood. The study focuses on prominent intellectuals, their biographies, and their interaction with the historical and sociocultural environment of that era. The article provides an overview of foreign and domestic studies devoted to intellectual history. The scientific novelty of the study lies in its interdisciplinary examination of the main stages of the development of Kazakhstan's intellectual history in the ХXth century, combining historical, cultural, and political analysis. The results show that prominent representatives of the Alash intellectual movement were the bearers of public consciousness and a strategic resource for the intellectual development of society. A comparative analysis was conducted of the transformation of society during the Soviet period under the influence of the totalitarian system, repression, and the institutional growth of science and culture, as well as the rethinking of heritage and challenges in the modern era.